components

1 software design/components/security_manager/COMPONENT.md

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+# Security Manager Component Specification
+
+**Component ID:** C-SEC-001  
+**Component Name:** Security Manager  
+**Version:** 1.0  
+**Date:** 2025-02-01  
+
+## 1. Component Overview
+
+### 1.1 Purpose
+The Security Manager is responsible for implementing comprehensive security mechanisms to protect the system against unauthorized access, malicious firmware, and data breaches. It provides centralized security policy enforcement, cryptographic operations, and security violation handling across all system components.
+
+### 1.2 Scope
+- Secure boot process management and enforcement
+- Flash encryption and secure storage management
+- Communication security with TLS/mTLS implementation
+- Cryptographic key management and protection
+- Security violation detection and response
+- Access control and authentication services
+- Security policy enforcement and compliance
+
+### 1.3 Responsibilities
+- Enforce secure boot verification for all firmware
+- Manage flash encryption and secure storage access
+- Provide cryptographic services for communication security
+- Implement key management and certificate handling
+- Detect and respond to security violations
+- Maintain security policies and access control
+- Coordinate security operations across system components
+
+## 2. Component Architecture
+
+### 2.1 Static View
+
+```mermaid
+graph TB
+    subgraph "Security Manager"
+        SM[Security Controller]
+        SBC[Secure Boot Controller]
+        FEM[Flash Encryption Manager]
+        TM[TLS Manager]
+        KM[Key Manager]
+        SVH[Security Violation Handler]
+        ACM[Access Control Manager]
+    end
+    
+    subgraph "Cryptographic Services"
+        CM[Crypto Manager]
+        CA[Certificate Authority]
+        RNG[Random Number Generator]
+        HSM[Hardware Security Module]
+    end
+    
+    subgraph "Hardware Security"
+        EFUSE[eFuse Manager]
+        SBH[Secure Boot Hardware]
+        FEH[Flash Encryption Hardware]
+        HWRNG[Hardware RNG]
+    end
+    
+    SM --> SBC
+    SM --> FEM
+    SM --> TM
+    SM --> KM
+    SM --> SVH
+    SM --> ACM
+    
+    SBC --> SBH
+    FEM --> FEH
+    TM --> CM
+    TM --> CA
+    KM --> HSM
+    KM --> EFUSE
+    CM --> RNG
+    RNG --> HWRNG
+```
+
+### 2.2 Internal Components
+
+#### 2.2.1 Security Controller
+- Central coordination of security operations
+- Security policy enforcement and compliance
+- Security state management and monitoring
+
+#### 2.2.2 Secure Boot Controller
+- Secure boot process management
+- Firmware signature verification
+- Boot failure handling and recovery
+
+#### 2.2.3 Flash Encryption Manager
+- Flash encryption configuration and management
+- Secure storage access control
+- Encryption key derivation and management
+
+#### 2.2.4 TLS Manager
+- TLS/mTLS session management
+- Certificate validation and handling
+- Secure communication channel establishment
+
+#### 2.2.5 Key Manager
+- Cryptographic key lifecycle management
+- Key storage and protection
+- Key derivation and rotation
+
+#### 2.2.6 Security Violation Handler
+- Security violation detection and classification
+- Incident response and recovery
+- Security event logging and reporting
+
+#### 2.2.7 Access Control Manager
+- Authentication and authorization services
+- Role-based access control
+- Session management and validation
+
+## 3. Interfaces
+
+### 3.1 Provided Interfaces
+
+#### 3.1.1 ISecurityManager
+```cpp
+class ISecurityManager {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISecurityManager() = default;
+    
+    // Security Lifecycle
+    virtual Result<void> initialize() = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> shutdown() = 0;
+    virtual SecurityStatus getSecurityStatus() const = 0;
+    
+    // Secure Boot Management
+    virtual Result<void> validateFirmwareSignature(const FirmwareImage& firmware) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> enableSecureBoot() = 0;
+    virtual bool isSecureBootEnabled() const = 0;
+    virtual SecureBootStatus getSecureBootStatus() const = 0;
+    
+    // Flash Encryption Management
+    virtual Result<void> enableFlashEncryption() = 0;
+    virtual bool isFlashEncryptionEnabled() const = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> encryptFlashRegion(FlashRegion region) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> decryptFlashRegion(FlashRegion region) = 0;
+    
+    // Communication Security
+    virtual Result<TLSSession> establishSecureConnection(const ConnectionParams& params) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> validateCertificate(const Certificate& certificate) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> terminateSecureConnection(TLSSessionId session_id) = 0;
+    
+    // Key Management
+    virtual Result<KeyHandle> generateKey(KeyType type, KeyUsage usage) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> storeKey(KeyHandle handle, const SecureStorage& storage) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> deleteKey(KeyHandle handle) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> rotateKey(KeyHandle handle) = 0;
+    
+    // Access Control
+    virtual Result<SessionId> authenticateUser(const Credentials& credentials) = 0;
+    virtual Result<bool> authorizeOperation(SessionId session, Operation operation) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> terminateSession(SessionId session) = 0;
+    
+    // Security Violations
+    virtual Result<void> reportSecurityViolation(const SecurityViolation& violation) = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<SecurityViolation> getSecurityViolations() const = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> clearSecurityViolations() = 0;
+};
+```
+
+#### 3.1.2 ICryptoManager
+```cpp
+class ICryptoManager {
+public:
+    virtual ~ICryptoManager() = default;
+    
+    // Symmetric Encryption
+    virtual Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> encrypt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                                const SymmetricKey& key) = 0;
+    virtual Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> decrypt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                                const SymmetricKey& key) = 0;
+    
+    // Asymmetric Encryption
+    virtual Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> encryptAsymmetric(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                                          const PublicKey& key) = 0;
+    virtual Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> decryptAsymmetric(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                                          const PrivateKey& key) = 0;
+    
+    // Digital Signatures
+    virtual Result<Signature> sign(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                  const PrivateKey& key) = 0;
+    virtual Result<bool> verify(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                               const Signature& signature,
+                               const PublicKey& key) = 0;
+    
+    // Hash Functions
+    virtual Result<Hash> calculateSHA256(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) = 0;
+    virtual Result<Hash> calculateHMAC(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                                      const SymmetricKey& key) = 0;
+    
+    // Random Number Generation
+    virtual Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> generateRandomBytes(size_t length) = 0;
+    virtual Result<uint32_t> generateRandomNumber() = 0;
+};
+```
+
+#### 3.1.3 IKeyManager
+```cpp
+class IKeyManager {
+public:
+    virtual ~IKeyManager() = default;
+    
+    // Key Generation
+    virtual Result<KeyHandle> generateSymmetricKey(SymmetricKeyType type) = 0;
+    virtual Result<KeyPair> generateAsymmetricKeyPair(AsymmetricKeyType type) = 0;
+    virtual Result<KeyHandle> deriveKey(const KeyDerivationParams& params) = 0;
+    
+    // Key Storage
+    virtual Result<void> storeKey(KeyHandle handle, const SecureStorage& storage) = 0;
+    virtual Result<KeyHandle> loadKey(const KeyIdentifier& identifier) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> deleteKey(KeyHandle handle) = 0;
+    
+    // Key Operations
+    virtual Result<void> rotateKey(KeyHandle handle) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> backupKey(KeyHandle handle, const BackupParams& params) = 0;
+    virtual Result<void> restoreKey(const BackupData& backup) = 0;
+    
+    // Key Information
+    virtual Result<KeyInfo> getKeyInfo(KeyHandle handle) const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<KeyIdentifier> listKeys() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isKeyValid(KeyHandle handle) const = 0;
+};
+```
+
+### 3.2 Required Interfaces
+
+#### 3.2.1 IDiagnosticsManager
+- Security violation reporting and logging
+- Security event documentation
+- Security metrics collection
+
+#### 3.2.2 IPersistenceManager
+- Secure storage of certificates and keys
+- Security configuration persistence
+- Audit log storage
+
+#### 3.2.3 ISystemStateManager
+- Security state coordination
+- Boot failure state management
+- Security-related state transitions
+
+#### 3.2.4 IEventSystem
+- Security event publication
+- Security alert notifications
+- Asynchronous security event handling
+
+## 4. Dynamic View
+
+### 4.1 Secure Boot Sequence
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant PWR as Power On
+    participant ROM as ROM Bootloader
+    participant SBC as Secure Boot Controller
+    participant BV as Boot Validator
+    participant ARB as Anti-Rollback Manager
+    participant APP as Application
+    participant SVH as Security Violation Handler
+    
+    PWR->>ROM: System Reset
+    ROM->>SBC: initializeSecureBoot()
+    SBC->>BV: validateFirmwareSignature()
+    BV->>BV: verifyRSA3072Signature()
+    BV->>ARB: checkAntiRollback()
+    ARB-->>BV: version_check_result
+    
+    alt Signature Valid and Version OK
+        BV-->>SBC: validation_success
+        SBC->>APP: jumpToApplication()
+    else Validation Failed
+        BV-->>SBC: validation_failed
+        SBC->>SVH: reportSecurityViolation(BOOT_FAILURE)
+        SBC->>SBC: enterBootFailureState()
+    end
+```
+
+### 4.2 TLS Connection Establishment Sequence
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant APP as Application
+    participant TM as TLS Manager
+    participant CA as Certificate Authority
+    participant KM as Key Manager
+    participant CM as Crypto Manager
+    participant MH as Main Hub
+    
+    APP->>TM: establishSecureConnection(main_hub_params)
+    TM->>KM: getDeviceCertificate()
+    KM-->>TM: device_certificate
+    TM->>KM: getDevicePrivateKey()
+    KM-->>TM: device_private_key
+    
+    TM->>MH: TLS_ClientHello + Certificate
+    MH->>TM: TLS_ServerHello + Certificate
+    
+    TM->>CA: validateServerCertificate(server_cert)
+    CA->>CA: verifyCertificateChain()
+    CA-->>TM: certificate_validation_result
+    
+    alt Certificate Valid
+        TM->>CM: generateSessionKeys()
+        CM-->>TM: session_keys
+        TM->>TM: establishSecureChannel()
+        TM-->>APP: secure_connection_established
+    else Certificate Invalid
+        TM->>SVH: reportSecurityViolation(CERT_VALIDATION_FAILED)
+        TM-->>APP: connection_failed
+    end
+```
+
+### 4.3 Security Violation Handling Sequence
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant COMP as System Component
+    participant SVH as Security Violation Handler
+    participant SM as Security Manager
+    participant DIAG as Diagnostics Manager
+    participant STM as System State Manager
+    participant ES as Event System
+    
+    COMP->>SVH: reportSecurityViolation(violation)
+    SVH->>SVH: classifyViolation(violation)
+    SVH->>DIAG: logSecurityEvent(violation)
+    
+    alt Critical Violation
+        SVH->>STM: transitionToSecureState()
+        SVH->>ES: publishCriticalSecurityAlert(violation)
+        SVH->>SM: implementSecurityMeasures()
+    else Non-Critical Violation
+        SVH->>ES: publishSecurityWarning(violation)
+        SVH->>SM: updateSecurityMetrics()
+    end
+    
+    SVH->>SVH: updateViolationHistory()
+    SVH-->>COMP: violation_handled
+```
+
+## 5. Security Policies and Configuration
+
+### 5.1 Security Policy Structure
+```cpp
+struct SecurityPolicy {
+    // Secure Boot Policy
+    SecureBootPolicy secure_boot;
+    
+    // Flash Encryption Policy
+    FlashEncryptionPolicy flash_encryption;
+    
+    // Communication Security Policy
+    CommunicationSecurityPolicy communication;
+    
+    // Key Management Policy
+    KeyManagementPolicy key_management;
+    
+    // Access Control Policy
+    AccessControlPolicy access_control;
+    
+    // Violation Response Policy
+    ViolationResponsePolicy violation_response;
+};
+```
+
+### 5.2 Secure Boot Configuration
+```cpp
+struct SecureBootPolicy {
+    bool enabled;
+    SignatureAlgorithm signature_algorithm;  // RSA-3072 or ECDSA-P256
+    bool anti_rollback_enabled;
+    uint32_t minimum_security_version;
+    std::vector<PublicKey> trusted_keys;
+    BootFailureAction failure_action;
+};
+```
+
+### 5.3 Flash Encryption Configuration
+```cpp
+struct FlashEncryptionPolicy {
+    bool enabled;
+    EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;  // AES-256
+    EncryptionMode mode;           // Release or Development
+    std::vector<FlashRegion> encrypted_regions;
+    KeyDerivationMethod key_derivation;
+    bool external_storage_encryption;
+};
+```
+
+### 5.4 Communication Security Configuration
+```cpp
+struct CommunicationSecurityPolicy {
+    TLSVersion minimum_tls_version;  // TLS 1.2
+    bool mutual_authentication_required;
+    std::vector<Certificate> trusted_ca_certificates;
+    CertificateValidationLevel validation_level;
+    CipherSuite allowed_cipher_suites;
+    uint32_t session_timeout_seconds;
+};
+```
+
+## 6. Cryptographic Operations
+
+### 6.1 Supported Algorithms
+```cpp
+namespace CryptoAlgorithms {
+    // Symmetric Encryption
+    constexpr const char* AES_256_GCM = "AES-256-GCM";
+    constexpr const char* AES_256_CBC = "AES-256-CBC";
+    
+    // Asymmetric Encryption
+    constexpr const char* RSA_3072 = "RSA-3072";
+    constexpr const char* ECDSA_P256 = "ECDSA-P256";
+    
+    // Hash Functions
+    constexpr const char* SHA_256 = "SHA-256";
+    constexpr const char* SHA_512 = "SHA-512";
+    
+    // Key Derivation
+    constexpr const char* PBKDF2 = "PBKDF2";
+    constexpr const char* HKDF = "HKDF";
+}
+```
+
+### 6.2 Key Management
+```cpp
+class SecureKeyManager {
+public:
+    // Key Types
+    enum class KeyType {
+        SYMMETRIC_AES_256,
+        ASYMMETRIC_RSA_3072,
+        ASYMMETRIC_ECDSA_P256,
+        DEVICE_IDENTITY,
+        SESSION_KEY,
+        ENCRYPTION_KEY
+    };
+    
+    // Key Storage Locations
+    enum class KeyStorage {
+        EFUSE,              // One-time programmable secure storage
+        ENCRYPTED_FLASH,    // Encrypted flash storage
+        HARDWARE_HSM,       // Hardware security module
+        VOLATILE_MEMORY     // Temporary storage in RAM
+    };
+    
+    // Key Operations
+    Result<KeyHandle> generateKey(KeyType type, KeyStorage storage);
+    Result<void> rotateKey(KeyHandle handle);
+    Result<void> revokeKey(KeyHandle handle);
+    Result<KeyInfo> getKeyInfo(KeyHandle handle) const;
+};
+```
+
+## 7. Certificate Management
+
+### 7.1 Certificate Types
+```cpp
+enum class CertificateType {
+    DEVICE_IDENTITY,        // Unique device certificate
+    CA_ROOT,               // Root CA certificate
+    CA_INTERMEDIATE,       // Intermediate CA certificate
+    SERVER_CERTIFICATE,    // Server authentication certificate
+    CLIENT_CERTIFICATE     // Client authentication certificate
+};
+```
+
+### 7.2 Certificate Validation
+```cpp
+class CertificateValidator {
+public:
+    struct ValidationResult {
+        bool is_valid;
+        std::vector<ValidationError> errors;
+        CertificateInfo certificate_info;
+    };
+    
+    ValidationResult validateCertificate(const Certificate& certificate) const;
+    ValidationResult validateCertificateChain(const CertificateChain& chain) const;
+    ValidationResult checkCertificateRevocation(const Certificate& certificate) const;
+    bool isCertificateExpired(const Certificate& certificate) const;
+    bool isCertificateTrusted(const Certificate& certificate) const;
+};
+```
+
+## 8. Security Violation Management
+
+### 8.1 Violation Types
+```cpp
+enum class SecurityViolationType {
+    // Boot Security Violations
+    SECURE_BOOT_FAILURE,
+    FIRMWARE_SIGNATURE_INVALID,
+    ANTI_ROLLBACK_VIOLATION,
+    
+    // Communication Security Violations
+    TLS_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE,
+    CERTIFICATE_VALIDATION_FAILURE,
+    MESSAGE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION,
+    
+    // Access Control Violations
+    AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE,
+    AUTHORIZATION_FAILURE,
+    SESSION_HIJACKING_ATTEMPT,
+    
+    // Cryptographic Violations
+    KEY_COMPROMISE_DETECTED,
+    ENCRYPTION_FAILURE,
+    SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILURE,
+    
+    // Physical Security Violations
+    TAMPER_DETECTION,
+    SIDE_CHANNEL_ATTACK,
+    FAULT_INJECTION_DETECTED
+};
+```
+
+### 8.2 Violation Response Actions
+```cpp
+enum class ViolationResponseAction {
+    LOG_ONLY,               // Log the violation but continue operation
+    ALERT_AND_CONTINUE,     // Send alert and continue with monitoring
+    DEGRADE_FUNCTIONALITY,  // Reduce system functionality
+    ISOLATE_COMPONENT,      // Isolate affected component
+    SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN,        // Controlled system shutdown
+    EMERGENCY_LOCKDOWN      // Immediate system lockdown
+};
+```
+
+### 8.3 Violation Handling
+```cpp
+class SecurityViolationHandler {
+public:
+    void reportViolation(const SecurityViolation& violation);
+    void handleViolation(const SecurityViolation& violation);
+    std::vector<SecurityViolation> getViolationHistory() const;
+    SecurityMetrics getSecurityMetrics() const;
+    
+private:
+    ViolationResponseAction determineResponse(SecurityViolationType type) const;
+    void executeResponse(ViolationResponseAction action, const SecurityViolation& violation);
+    void updateSecurityState(const SecurityViolation& violation);
+};
+```
+
+## 9. Hardware Security Integration
+
+### 9.1 eFuse Management
+```cpp
+class eFuseManager {
+public:
+    // eFuse Operations
+    Result<void> burneFuse(eFuseField field, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data);
+    Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> readeFuse(eFuseField field) const;
+    bool iseFuseBurned(eFuseField field) const;
+    
+    // Security Version Management
+    Result<void> setSecurityVersion(uint32_t version);
+    uint32_t getSecurityVersion() const;
+    bool isVersionRollbackAllowed(uint32_t target_version) const;
+    
+    // Key Management
+    Result<void> burnEncryptionKey(const EncryptionKey& key);
+    Result<void> burnSigningKey(const PublicKey& key);
+    bool isKeyBurned(KeyType type) const;
+};
+```
+
+### 9.2 Hardware Security Module Integration
+```cpp
+class HardwareSecurityModule {
+public:
+    // Cryptographic Operations
+    Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> performCryptoOperation(
+        CryptoOperation operation,
+        const std::vector<uint8_t>& input,
+        const CryptoParams& params) const;
+    
+    // Key Operations
+    Result<KeyHandle> generateSecureKey(KeyType type);
+    Result<void> storeSecureKey(KeyHandle handle, const SecureKey& key);
+    Result<void> deleteSecureKey(KeyHandle handle);
+    
+    // Random Number Generation
+    Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> generateTrueRandomBytes(size_t length) const;
+    
+    // Attestation
+    Result<AttestationReport> generateAttestation() const;
+    Result<bool> verifyAttestation(const AttestationReport& report) const;
+};
+```
+
+## 10. Performance and Resource Management
+
+### 10.1 Performance Characteristics
+- **Secure Boot Validation**: < 5 seconds during boot
+- **TLS Handshake**: < 10 seconds for connection establishment
+- **Cryptographic Operations**: Hardware-accelerated when available
+- **Key Operations**: < 100ms for typical key operations
+- **Certificate Validation**: < 2 seconds for certificate chain validation
+
+### 10.2 Resource Usage
+- **Memory**: < 32KB for security operations and buffers
+- **Storage**: Variable based on certificate and key storage requirements
+- **CPU**: Hardware acceleration utilized when available
+- **Power**: Optimized for low-power operation
+
+## 11. Error Handling and Recovery
+
+### 11.1 Error Categories
+- **Cryptographic Errors**: Key generation failures, encryption/decryption errors
+- **Certificate Errors**: Certificate validation failures, expiration errors
+- **Hardware Errors**: HSM failures, eFuse access errors
+- **Communication Errors**: TLS handshake failures, connection errors
+- **Configuration Errors**: Invalid security policy configuration
+
+### 11.2 Recovery Strategies
+- **Graceful Degradation**: Reduce security level while maintaining operation
+- **Fallback Mechanisms**: Use alternative security methods when primary fails
+- **Error Isolation**: Isolate security failures to prevent system-wide impact
+- **Recovery Procedures**: Automated recovery from transient security failures
+
+## 12. Compliance and Standards
+
+### 12.1 Security Standards
+- **FIPS 140-2**: Cryptographic module validation
+- **Common Criteria**: Security evaluation criteria
+- **IEC 62443**: Industrial communication networks security
+- **ISO/IEC 27001**: Information security management
+
+### 12.2 Cryptographic Standards
+- **NIST SP 800-series**: Cryptographic guidelines and recommendations
+- **RFC 5280**: X.509 certificate and CRL profile
+- **RFC 8446**: TLS 1.3 specification
+- **PKCS standards**: Public key cryptography standards
+
+## 13. Testing Strategy
+
+### 13.1 Security Testing
+- **Penetration Testing**: Simulated attacks and vulnerability assessment
+- **Cryptographic Testing**: Algorithm implementation validation
+- **Certificate Testing**: Certificate validation and chain verification
+- **Protocol Testing**: TLS/mTLS implementation testing
+
+### 13.2 Compliance Testing
+- **Standards Compliance**: Verification against security standards
+- **Interoperability Testing**: Compatibility with external systems
+- **Performance Testing**: Security operation performance validation
+- **Stress Testing**: Security under high load and attack conditions
+
+## 14. Dependencies
+
+### 14.1 Internal Dependencies
+- Diagnostics Manager for security event logging
+- System State Manager for security state coordination
+- Persistence Manager for secure storage operations
+- Communication Manager for secure communication
+
+### 14.2 External Dependencies
+- ESP-IDF security APIs (Secure Boot, Flash Encryption)
+- mbedTLS cryptographic library
+- Hardware security features (eFuse, HSM, Hardware RNG)
+- Certificate authority infrastructure
+
+## 15. Constraints and Assumptions
+
+### 15.1 Constraints
+- Hardware security features must be properly configured
+- Cryptographic operations limited by available hardware acceleration
+- Key storage limited by eFuse and secure storage capacity
+- Security operations must not significantly impact system performance
+
+### 15.2 Assumptions
+- Proper hardware security configuration during manufacturing
+- Valid certificates and keys provisioned during deployment
+- Secure communication channels available for key exchange
+- Sufficient system resources for security operations
+- Proper physical security of the device deployment environment