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ASF_01_sys_sw_arch/System Design/System_State_Machine_Specification.md
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System State Machine Specification

Document Type: Normative System Specification
Scope: Sensor Hub (Sub-Hub) Operational States
Traceability: SR-SYS-001, SR-SYS-002, SR-SYS-003

1. Purpose

This document defines the complete finite state machine (FSM) governing the Sensor Hub's operational lifecycle. All system components SHALL respect state-based operation restrictions as defined herein.

2. State Definitions

2.1 State Enumeration

State ID State Name Description Entry Condition
INIT Initialization Hardware and software initialization phase Power-on, reset, or post-teardown
BOOT_FAILURE Boot Failure Secure boot verification failed Secure boot check failure during INIT
RUNNING Normal Operation Active sensor acquisition and communication Successful initialization
WARNING Degraded Operation Non-fatal fault detected, degraded functionality Non-critical fault detected during RUNNING
FAULT Fatal Error Critical fault, core functionality disabled Fatal error or cascading failures
OTA_PREP OTA Preparation Preparing for firmware update OTA request accepted, validation pending
OTA_UPDATE OTA Update Active Firmware update in progress Firmware transfer and flashing
MC_UPDATE Machine Constants Update Machine constants update in progress MC update request accepted
TEARDOWN Controlled Shutdown Safe shutdown sequence execution Update, fault recovery, or manual command
SERVICE Service Mode Engineering/diagnostic interaction Debug session active
SD_DEGRADED SD Card Degraded SD card failure detected, fallback mode SD card access failure

2.2 State Characteristics

INIT

  • Duration: Bounded (max 5 seconds)
  • Allowed Operations: Hardware initialization, secure boot verification, MC loading
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition, communication, persistence writes
  • Exit Conditions: Success → RUNNING, Secure boot failure → BOOT_FAILURE

BOOT_FAILURE

  • Duration: Indefinite (requires manual intervention)
  • Allowed Operations: Diagnostic reporting, secure boot retry (limited)
  • Forbidden Operations: All application features
  • Exit Conditions: Manual reset, secure boot success → INIT

RUNNING

  • Duration: Indefinite (normal operation)
  • Allowed Operations: All features (DAQ, DQC, COM, DIAG, DATA, HMI)
  • Forbidden Operations: OTA, MC update (must transition via TEARDOWN)
  • Exit Conditions: Fault → WARNING/FAULT, OTA request → OTA_PREP, MC update → MC_UPDATE, Debug session → SERVICE

WARNING

  • Duration: Until fault cleared or escalated
  • Allowed Operations: Degraded DAQ, COM, DIAG (limited), DATA (read-only)
  • Forbidden Operations: OTA, MC update
  • Exit Conditions: Fault cleared → RUNNING, Fault escalated → FAULT

FAULT

  • Duration: Until recovery attempt or manual intervention
  • Allowed Operations: Diagnostic reporting, error logging, controlled teardown
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition, communication (except diagnostics)
  • Exit Conditions: Recovery attempt → TEARDOWN, Manual reset → INIT

OTA_PREP

  • Duration: Bounded (max 2 seconds)
  • Allowed Operations: OTA readiness validation, teardown initiation
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition, new communication sessions
  • Exit Conditions: Ready → TEARDOWN, Rejected → RUNNING

OTA_UPDATE

  • Duration: Bounded (max 10 minutes)
  • Allowed Operations: Firmware reception, validation, flashing
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition, normal communication, persistence (except OTA data)
  • Exit Conditions: Success → RUNNING (after reboot), Failure → FAULT

MC_UPDATE

  • Duration: Bounded (max 30 seconds)
  • Allowed Operations: MC reception, validation, teardown
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition, normal communication
  • Exit Conditions: Success → TEARDOWN, Failure → RUNNING

TEARDOWN

  • Duration: Bounded (max 500ms)
  • Allowed Operations: Data flush, resource release, state persistence
  • Forbidden Operations: New sensor acquisition, new communication sessions
  • Exit Conditions: Complete → INIT (reset), OTA → OTA_UPDATE, MC → MC_UPDATE

SERVICE

  • Duration: Until session closed
  • Allowed Operations: Diagnostic access, read-only inspection, controlled commands
  • Forbidden Operations: Sensor acquisition (may be paused), OTA, MC update
  • Exit Conditions: Session closed → RUNNING

SD_DEGRADED

  • Duration: Until SD recovery or manual intervention
  • Allowed Operations: Sensor acquisition (no persistence), communication, diagnostics
  • Forbidden Operations: Persistence writes (except critical diagnostics)
  • Exit Conditions: SD recovery → RUNNING, Manual intervention → SERVICE

3. State Transition Table

From State To State Trigger Guard Condition Action Authorized Caller
[*] INIT Power-on, Reset None Initialize hardware, secure boot check System
INIT RUNNING Init success Secure boot OK, MC loaded, sensors detected Start DAQ, COM, DIAG tasks System Manager
INIT BOOT_FAILURE Secure boot fail Secure boot verification failed Log security fault, disable application Secure Boot
BOOT_FAILURE INIT Manual reset None Reset system User/Engineer
RUNNING WARNING Non-fatal fault Diagnostic severity = WARNING Degrade functionality, notify Error Handler
RUNNING FAULT Fatal fault Diagnostic severity = FATAL Stop critical features Error Handler
RUNNING OTA_PREP OTA request OTA request received, system ready Validate readiness OTA Manager
RUNNING MC_UPDATE MC update request MC update received, authenticated Validate MC MC Manager
RUNNING SERVICE Debug session Debug session authenticated Pause non-critical tasks Debug Manager
RUNNING SD_DEGRADED SD failure SD card access failure detected Disable persistence writes Persistence
WARNING RUNNING Fault cleared Diagnostic cleared, system healthy Restore full functionality Error Handler
WARNING FAULT Fault escalated Multiple warnings or critical fault Stop degraded features Error Handler
FAULT TEARDOWN Recovery attempt Recovery command received Initiate controlled shutdown System Manager
OTA_PREP TEARDOWN OTA ready Readiness validated Begin teardown OTA Manager
OTA_PREP RUNNING OTA rejected Readiness check failed Resume normal operation OTA Manager
TEARDOWN OTA_UPDATE Teardown complete (OTA) OTA pending, data flushed Enter OTA state System Manager
TEARDOWN MC_UPDATE Teardown complete (MC) MC update pending, data flushed Enter MC update System Manager
TEARDOWN INIT Teardown complete (reset) Reset requested, data flushed Reset system System Manager
OTA_UPDATE RUNNING OTA success Firmware flashed, validated Reboot into new firmware OTA Manager
OTA_UPDATE FAULT OTA failure Firmware validation failed Log error, enter fault OTA Manager
MC_UPDATE TEARDOWN MC update complete MC validated, applied Reinitialize system MC Manager
SERVICE RUNNING Session closed Debug session terminated Resume normal operation Debug Manager
SD_DEGRADED RUNNING SD recovered SD card access restored Re-enable persistence Persistence
SD_DEGRADED SERVICE Manual intervention User intervention required Enter service mode User/Engineer

4. Per-State Feature Execution Rules

4.1 DAQ (Data Acquisition) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT None Sensor initialization only
RUNNING Full acquisition cycle None
WARNING Degraded acquisition (reduced frequency) Failed sensors excluded
FAULT None Acquisition stopped
OTA_PREP None Acquisition stopped
OTA_UPDATE None Acquisition stopped
MC_UPDATE None Acquisition stopped
TEARDOWN None Acquisition stopped
SERVICE Paused (optional read-only) No new samples
SD_DEGRADED Full acquisition Data not persisted
BOOT_FAILURE None Not applicable

4.2 DQC (Data Quality & Calibration) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT Sensor detection, MC loading No calibration
RUNNING Full quality checks, calibration None
WARNING Degraded quality checks Reduced validation
FAULT Error reporting only No quality checks
OTA_PREP None Quality checks stopped
OTA_UPDATE None Quality checks stopped
MC_UPDATE MC validation only No sensor calibration
TEARDOWN None Quality checks stopped
SERVICE Read-only inspection No calibration
SD_DEGRADED Full quality checks Results not persisted
BOOT_FAILURE None Not applicable

4.3 COM (Communication) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT None No communication
RUNNING Full bidirectional communication None
WARNING Limited communication (diagnostics only) Reduced bandwidth
FAULT Diagnostic reporting only No data transmission
OTA_PREP OTA negotiation only No other communication
OTA_UPDATE OTA data transfer only No other communication
MC_UPDATE MC transfer only No other communication
TEARDOWN Session closure only No new sessions
SERVICE Debug session communication No Main Hub communication
SD_DEGRADED Full communication Data not persisted
BOOT_FAILURE Diagnostic reporting only Limited communication

4.4 DIAG (Diagnostics) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT Boot diagnostics Limited logging
RUNNING Full diagnostics None
WARNING Full diagnostics None
FAULT Full diagnostics None
OTA_PREP OTA diagnostics Limited scope
OTA_UPDATE OTA progress diagnostics Limited scope
MC_UPDATE MC update diagnostics Limited scope
TEARDOWN Teardown diagnostics Limited scope
SERVICE Full diagnostics (read access) No new diagnostics
SD_DEGRADED Full diagnostics Persistence limited
BOOT_FAILURE Security diagnostics Limited scope

4.5 DATA (Persistence) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT MC loading only No writes
RUNNING Full persistence None
WARNING Read-only, critical writes Limited writes
FAULT Critical diagnostics only No sensor data writes
OTA_PREP Read-only No writes
OTA_UPDATE OTA data only No sensor data writes
MC_UPDATE MC writes only No sensor data writes
TEARDOWN Critical data flush only Authorized writes only
SERVICE Read-only No writes
SD_DEGRADED Read-only (if possible) No writes
BOOT_FAILURE None Not applicable

4.6 OTA Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT None OTA not active
RUNNING OTA negotiation only No transfer
WARNING None OTA blocked
FAULT None OTA blocked
OTA_PREP Readiness validation No transfer
OTA_UPDATE Full OTA operations None
MC_UPDATE None OTA blocked
TEARDOWN None OTA blocked
SERVICE None OTA blocked
SD_DEGRADED None OTA blocked
BOOT_FAILURE None OTA blocked

4.7 SEC (Security) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT Secure boot verification Must complete before app start
RUNNING Full security (encryption, authentication) None
WARNING Full security None
FAULT Security diagnostics Limited operations
OTA_PREP OTA authentication None
OTA_UPDATE Firmware verification None
MC_UPDATE MC authentication None
TEARDOWN Key protection None
SERVICE Debug authentication None
SD_DEGRADED Full security None
BOOT_FAILURE Security fault handling Limited operations

4.8 SYS (System Management) Feature

State Allowed Operations Restrictions
INIT State management, initialization Limited operations
RUNNING Full system management None
WARNING Degraded management Limited operations
FAULT Fault recovery management Limited operations
OTA_PREP OTA state management Limited operations
OTA_UPDATE OTA state management Limited operations
MC_UPDATE MC state management Limited operations
TEARDOWN Teardown execution Limited operations
SERVICE Service mode management Limited operations
SD_DEGRADED Degraded management Limited operations
BOOT_FAILURE Boot failure management Limited operations

5. State Transition Timing Requirements

Transition Maximum Duration Justification
[*] → INIT 100ms Power-on initialization
INIT → RUNNING 5s Hardware init, secure boot, MC load
INIT → BOOT_FAILURE 2s Secure boot verification
RUNNING → WARNING 50ms Fault detection and state change
RUNNING → FAULT 50ms Critical fault detection
RUNNING → OTA_PREP 100ms OTA request processing
OTA_PREP → TEARDOWN 2s Readiness validation
TEARDOWN → OTA_UPDATE 500ms Data flush and resource release
TEARDOWN → INIT 500ms Data flush and reset
OTA_UPDATE → RUNNING 10 minutes Firmware transfer and flashing
RUNNING → SERVICE 100ms Debug session establishment
SERVICE → RUNNING 50ms Debug session closure

6. State Notification Mechanism

All state transitions SHALL notify registered components via the Event System:

  • Event Type: SYSTEM_STATE_CHANGED
  • Payload: Previous state, new state, transition reason
  • Subscribers: All feature managers (DAQ, DQC, COM, DIAG, DATA, OTA, SEC, SYS)

7. Traceability

  • SR-SYS-001: Implemented via complete FSM definition
  • SR-SYS-002: Implemented via per-state feature execution rules
  • SR-SYS-003: Implemented via state notification mechanism

8. Mermaid State Diagram

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> INIT
    INIT --> RUNNING: initSuccess
    INIT --> BOOT_FAILURE: secureBootFail
    BOOT_FAILURE --> INIT: manualReset
    RUNNING --> WARNING: nonFatalFault
    RUNNING --> FAULT: fatalFault
    RUNNING --> OTA_PREP: otaRequest
    RUNNING --> MC_UPDATE: mcUpdateRequest
    RUNNING --> SERVICE: debugSession
    RUNNING --> SD_DEGRADED: sdFailure
    WARNING --> RUNNING: faultCleared
    WARNING --> FAULT: faultEscalated
    FAULT --> TEARDOWN: recoveryAttempt
    OTA_PREP --> TEARDOWN: otaReady
    OTA_PREP --> RUNNING: otaRejected
    TEARDOWN --> OTA_UPDATE: otaPending
    TEARDOWN --> MC_UPDATE: mcPending
    TEARDOWN --> INIT: resetRequested
    OTA_UPDATE --> RUNNING: otaSuccess
    OTA_UPDATE --> FAULT: otaFailure
    MC_UPDATE --> TEARDOWN: mcComplete
    SERVICE --> RUNNING: sessionClosed
    SD_DEGRADED --> RUNNING: sdRecovered
    SD_DEGRADED --> SERVICE: manualIntervention