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Feature Specification: Firmware Update (OTA)

Feature ID: F-OTA (F-OTA-001 to F-OTA-005)

Document Type: Feature Specification
Version: 1.0
Date: 2025-01-19
Feature Category: Firmware Update (OTA)

1. Feature Overview

1.1 Feature Purpose

The Firmware Update (OTA) feature provides secure, reliable over-the-air firmware update capabilities for the ASF Sensor Hub. This feature enables controlled firmware lifecycle management, ensuring system availability, data integrity, and fault containment during firmware update operations.

1.2 Feature Scope

In Scope:

OTA negotiation and readiness validation with Main Hub
Secure firmware reception over encrypted communication channels
Firmware integrity validation using cryptographic verification
Safe firmware activation with A/B partitioning and automatic rollback
Controlled system teardown and data preservation during updates

Out of Scope:

Firmware generation and cryptographic signing infrastructure
Cloud-side firmware distribution and management
Main Hub OTA coordination logic
Hardware-level secure boot implementation (dependency)

2. Sub-Features

2.1 F-OTA-001: OTA Update Negotiation

Description: Comprehensive negotiation phase between Sensor Hub and Main Hub to establish OTA readiness and coordinate update initiation.

Readiness Validation Criteria:

typedef struct {
    system_state_t current_state;      // Must be RUNNING
    bool power_stable;                 // Power supply stable
    bool storage_available;            // SD card accessible with sufficient space
    bool communication_stable;         // Network connection stable
    uint32_t free_sd_space_mb;        // Available SD card space
    uint32_t free_nvs_entries;        // Available NVS entries
    float supply_voltage;              // Current supply voltage
    uint32_t uptime_seconds;          // System uptime for stability
} ota_readiness_t;

typedef enum {
    OTA_READY_ACCEPT = 0,             // System ready for OTA
    OTA_READY_REJECT_STATE = 1,       // Invalid system state
    OTA_READY_REJECT_POWER = 2,       // Power instability
    OTA_READY_REJECT_STORAGE = 3,     // Storage unavailable
    OTA_READY_REJECT_COMM = 4,        // Communication unstable
    OTA_READY_REJECT_RESOURCES = 5    // Insufficient resources
} ota_readiness_result_t;

Negotiation Sequence:

sequenceDiagram
    participant MH as Main Hub
    participant API as Main Hub APIs
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant STM as State Manager
    participant DIAG as Diagnostics
    
    MH->>API: OTA_AVAILABILITY_NOTIFICATION
    API->>OTA: otaAvailabilityReceived(metadata)
    OTA->>OTA: validateSystemReadiness()
    
    alt System Ready
        OTA->>STM: requestStateTransition(OTA_PREP)
        STM->>STM: validateTransition()
        STM-->>OTA: transitionAccepted()
        OTA->>API: otaResponse(ACCEPT, readiness_info)
        API->>MH: OTA_NEGOTIATION_RESPONSE(ACCEPT)
    else System Not Ready
        OTA->>DIAG: logDiagnosticEvent(OTA_REJECTED, reason)
        OTA->>API: otaResponse(REJECT, rejection_reason)
        API->>MH: OTA_NEGOTIATION_RESPONSE(REJECT)
    end

Readiness Validation Logic:

System State Check: Must be in RUNNING state (not WARNING/FAULT/SERVICE/SD_DEGRADED)
Power Stability: Supply voltage within 3.0V-3.6V range for >30 seconds
Storage Availability: SD card accessible with >100MB free space
Communication Stability: Network connection stable for >60 seconds
Resource Availability: Sufficient NVS entries and heap memory

2.2 F-OTA-002: Firmware Reception and Storage

Description: Secure reception of firmware image from Main Hub with chunked download, progress monitoring, and temporary storage management.

Download Configuration:

typedef struct {
    uint32_t chunk_size;              // 4096 bytes (optimized for flash page)
    uint32_t total_size;              // Total firmware size
    uint32_t total_chunks;            // Number of chunks
    char firmware_version[32];        // Target firmware version
    uint8_t sha256_hash[32];         // Expected SHA-256 hash
    uint32_t timeout_seconds;         // Download timeout (600 seconds)
} ota_download_config_t;

typedef struct {
    uint32_t chunks_received;         // Number of chunks received
    uint32_t bytes_received;          // Total bytes received
    uint32_t chunks_failed;           // Failed chunk count
    uint32_t retries_performed;       // Retry attempts
    uint64_t start_time_ms;          // Download start timestamp
    uint64_t last_chunk_time_ms;     // Last chunk received timestamp
    ota_download_state_t state;       // Current download state
} ota_download_progress_t;

typedef enum {
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_IDLE = 0,
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_ACTIVE = 1,
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_PAUSED = 2,
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE = 3,
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_FAILED = 4,
    OTA_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 5
} ota_download_state_t;

Storage Management:

Temporary Storage: SD card path /ota/firmware_temp.bin
Chunk Verification: Per-chunk CRC32 validation
Progress Persistence: Download state persisted to NVS for recovery
Timeout Handling: 10-minute maximum download duration
Retry Logic: Up to 3 retries per failed chunk

Download Flow:

sequenceDiagram
    participant MH as Main Hub
    participant NET as Network Stack
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant SD as SD Card Storage
    participant NVS as NVS Storage
    
    Note over MH,NVS: Firmware Download Phase
    
    MH->>NET: firmwareChunk(chunk_id, data, crc32)
    NET->>OTA: chunkReceived(chunk_id, data, crc32)
    OTA->>OTA: validateChunkCRC(data, crc32)
    
    alt CRC Valid
        OTA->>SD: writeChunk(chunk_id, data)
        SD-->>OTA: writeComplete()
        OTA->>NVS: updateProgress(chunks_received++)
        OTA->>NET: chunkAck(chunk_id, SUCCESS)
        NET->>MH: CHUNK_ACK(chunk_id, SUCCESS)
    else CRC Invalid
        OTA->>NET: chunkAck(chunk_id, RETRY)
        NET->>MH: CHUNK_ACK(chunk_id, RETRY)
    end
    
    OTA->>OTA: checkDownloadComplete()
    
    alt All Chunks Received
        OTA->>OTA: transitionToValidation()
    end

2.3 F-OTA-003: Firmware Integrity Validation

Description: Comprehensive firmware integrity and authenticity validation using cryptographic verification before activation.

Validation Methods:

typedef struct {
    bool size_valid;                  // Firmware size matches metadata
    bool sha256_valid;               // SHA-256 hash verification
    bool signature_valid;            // Digital signature verification (if available)
    bool partition_valid;            // Partition table validation
    bool version_valid;              // Version number validation
    bool compatibility_valid;        // Hardware compatibility check
} ota_validation_result_t;

typedef enum {
    OTA_VALIDATION_PENDING = 0,
    OTA_VALIDATION_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
    OTA_VALIDATION_SUCCESS = 2,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_SIZE = 3,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_HASH = 4,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_SIGNATURE = 5,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_PARTITION = 6,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_VERSION = 7,
    OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED_COMPATIBILITY = 8
} ota_validation_status_t;

Validation Sequence:

Size Validation: Verify received firmware size matches metadata
SHA-256 Verification: Calculate and compare full image hash
Partition Table Validation: Verify partition structure compatibility
Version Validation: Ensure version progression (anti-rollback)
Hardware Compatibility: Verify target platform compatibility

Validation Flow:

sequenceDiagram
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant SD as SD Card Storage
    participant SEC as Security Manager
    participant DIAG as Diagnostics
    participant API as Main Hub APIs
    
    Note over OTA,API: Firmware Validation Phase
    
    OTA->>SD: readFirmwareImage()
    SD-->>OTA: firmware_data
    
    OTA->>OTA: validateSize(firmware_data)
    
    alt Size Valid
        OTA->>SEC: calculateSHA256(firmware_data)
        SEC-->>OTA: calculated_hash
        OTA->>OTA: compareSHA256(calculated_hash, expected_hash)
        
        alt Hash Valid
            OTA->>SEC: validateSignature(firmware_data)
            SEC-->>OTA: signature_result
            
            alt Signature Valid
                OTA->>OTA: validatePartitionTable(firmware_data)
                OTA->>OTA: validateVersion(firmware_data)
                OTA->>OTA: validateCompatibility(firmware_data)
                OTA->>API: validationComplete(SUCCESS)
            else Signature Invalid
                OTA->>DIAG: logDiagnosticEvent(OTA_VALIDATION_FAILED)
                OTA->>API: validationComplete(FAILED_SIGNATURE)
            end
        else Hash Invalid
            OTA->>DIAG: logDiagnosticEvent(OTA_HASH_MISMATCH)
            OTA->>API: validationComplete(FAILED_HASH)
        end
    else Size Invalid
        OTA->>DIAG: logDiagnosticEvent(OTA_SIZE_MISMATCH)
        OTA->>API: validationComplete(FAILED_SIZE)
    end

2.4 F-OTA-004: Safe Firmware Activation

Description: Controlled firmware activation with system teardown, data preservation, and safe transition to new firmware.

Activation Sequence:

typedef enum {
    OTA_ACTIVATION_IDLE = 0,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_TEARDOWN = 1,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_DATA_FLUSH = 2,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_FLASHING = 3,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_PARTITION_UPDATE = 4,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_REBOOT = 5,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_COMPLETE = 6,
    OTA_ACTIVATION_FAILED = 7
} ota_activation_state_t;

typedef struct {
    bool sensor_data_flushed;         // Latest sensor data preserved
    bool diagnostics_flushed;         // Diagnostic events preserved
    bool machine_constants_flushed;   // Machine constants preserved
    bool calibration_data_flushed;    // Calibration data preserved
    bool system_state_flushed;        // System state preserved
} ota_data_flush_status_t;

Activation Flow:

sequenceDiagram
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant STM as State Manager
    participant PERSIST as Persistence
    participant FLASH as Flash Manager
    participant BOOT as Boot Manager
    
    Note over OTA,BOOT: Firmware Activation Phase
    
    OTA->>STM: requestStateTransition(TEARDOWN)
    STM->>STM: initiateTeardown()
    STM->>PERSIST: flushCriticalData()
    
    PERSIST->>PERSIST: flushSensorData()
    PERSIST->>PERSIST: flushDiagnostics()
    PERSIST->>PERSIST: flushMachineConstants()
    PERSIST->>PERSIST: flushCalibrationData()
    PERSIST-->>STM: flushComplete()
    
    STM->>OTA: teardownComplete()
    OTA->>STM: requestStateTransition(OTA_UPDATE)
    
    OTA->>FLASH: flashFirmwareToInactivePartition()
    FLASH-->>OTA: flashingComplete()
    
    OTA->>BOOT: updatePartitionTable()
    BOOT-->>OTA: partitionTableUpdated()
    
    OTA->>STM: systemReboot()

Data Preservation Priority:

Critical System Data: Machine constants, calibration data
Diagnostic Data: Recent diagnostic events and system health
Sensor Data: Latest sensor readings and statistics
System State: Current system state and configuration

2.5 F-OTA-005: A/B Partitioning with Rollback

Description: A/B partitioning implementation with automatic rollback capability for safe firmware updates.

Partition Management:

typedef enum {
    OTA_PARTITION_A = 0,              // Primary partition (ota_0)
    OTA_PARTITION_B = 1,              // Secondary partition (ota_1)
    OTA_PARTITION_FACTORY = 2         // Factory partition (rescue)
} ota_partition_t;

typedef struct {
    ota_partition_t active_partition;  // Currently running partition
    ota_partition_t inactive_partition; // Target for next update
    char active_version[32];          // Version of active firmware
    char inactive_version[32];        // Version of inactive firmware
    uint32_t boot_count;             // Boot attempts since activation
    uint64_t activation_time;        // Activation timestamp
    bool rollback_pending;           // Rollback flag
} ota_partition_status_t;

Rollback Triggers:

Boot Failure: System fails to boot within 60 seconds
Health Check Failure: No health report within 120 seconds after boot
Application Crash: Critical application failure during confirmation period
Manual Rollback: Explicit rollback command from Main Hub

Rollback Flow:

sequenceDiagram
    participant BOOT as Boot Manager
    participant APP as Application
    participant HEALTH as Health Monitor
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant DIAG as Diagnostics
    
    Note over BOOT,DIAG: Firmware Rollback Scenario
    
    BOOT->>APP: startApplication()
    
    alt Boot Successful
        APP->>HEALTH: startHealthMonitoring()
        HEALTH->>HEALTH: waitForConfirmationWindow(120s)
        
        alt Health Report Received
            HEALTH->>OTA: confirmFirmwareStability()
            OTA->>OTA: markFirmwareAsValid()
        else No Health Report
            HEALTH->>OTA: firmwareValidationTimeout()
            OTA->>OTA: triggerRollback(HEALTH_TIMEOUT)
        end
    else Boot Failed
        BOOT->>OTA: bootFailureDetected()
        OTA->>OTA: triggerRollback(BOOT_FAILURE)
    end
    
    alt Rollback Triggered
        OTA->>BOOT: switchToInactivePartition()
        OTA->>DIAG: logDiagnosticEvent(FIRMWARE_ROLLBACK)
        OTA->>BOOT: systemReboot()
    end

Rollback Process:

Failure Detection: Detect rollback trigger condition
Partition Switch: Update partition table to boot from previous partition
Diagnostic Logging: Record rollback event and reason
System Reboot: Restart system with previous firmware
Rollback Notification: Report rollback to Main Hub after recovery

3. Requirements Coverage

3.1 System Requirements (SR-XXX)

Feature	System Requirements	Description
F-OTA-001	SR-OTA-001, SR-OTA-002, SR-OTA-003	OTA negotiation and readiness validation
F-OTA-002	SR-OTA-004, SR-OTA-005, SR-OTA-006	Firmware reception and temporary storage
F-OTA-003	SR-OTA-007, SR-OTA-008, SR-OTA-009	Firmware integrity and authenticity validation
F-OTA-004	SR-OTA-010, SR-OTA-011, SR-OTA-012, SR-OTA-013	Safe firmware activation and data preservation
F-OTA-005	SR-OTA-014, SR-OTA-015, SR-OTA-016	A/B partitioning and automatic rollback

3.2 Software Requirements (SWR-XXX)

Feature	Software Requirements	Implementation Details
F-OTA-001	SWR-OTA-001, SWR-OTA-002, SWR-OTA-003	Readiness validation, negotiation protocol, state coordination
F-OTA-002	SWR-OTA-004, SWR-OTA-005, SWR-OTA-006	Chunked download, progress tracking, storage management
F-OTA-003	SWR-OTA-007, SWR-OTA-008, SWR-OTA-009	SHA-256 validation, signature verification, compatibility checks
F-OTA-004	SWR-OTA-010, SWR-OTA-011, SWR-OTA-012	Teardown coordination, data flush, firmware flashing
F-OTA-005	SWR-OTA-013, SWR-OTA-014, SWR-OTA-015	Partition management, rollback detection, recovery procedures

4. Component Implementation Mapping

4.1 Primary Components

Component	Responsibility	Location
OTA Manager	OTA coordination, validation, activation	`application_layer/business_stack/fw_upgrader/`
State Manager	System state coordination, teardown management	`application_layer/business_stack/STM/`
Persistence	Data flush, firmware storage	`application_layer/DP_stack/persistence/`
Security Manager	Cryptographic validation, signature verification	`application_layer/security/`

4.2 Supporting Components

Component	Support Role	Interface
Main Hub APIs	OTA communication protocol, message handling	`application_layer/business_stack/main_hub_apis/`
Network Stack	Secure firmware download transport	`drivers/network_stack/`
SD Card Driver	Temporary firmware storage	`drivers/SDcard/`
NVM Driver	Progress persistence, partition management	`drivers/nvm/`
Diagnostics	OTA event logging, failure reporting	`application_layer/diag_task/`

4.3 Component Interaction Diagram

graph TB
    subgraph "OTA Firmware Update Feature"
        OTA[OTA Manager]
        STM[State Manager]
        PERSIST[Persistence]
        SEC[Security Manager]
    end
    
    subgraph "Communication Components"
        API[Main Hub APIs]
        NET[Network Stack]
    end
    
    subgraph "Storage Components"
        SD[SD Card Driver]
        NVM[NVM Driver]
    end
    
    subgraph "System Components"
        DIAG[Diagnostics]
        BOOT[Boot Manager]
        HEALTH[Health Monitor]
    end
    
    subgraph "External Interfaces"
        MH[Main Hub]
        FLASH[Flash Memory]
        PART[Partition Table]
    end
    
    MH <-->|OTA Protocol| API
    API <--> OTA
    OTA <--> STM
    OTA <--> PERSIST
    OTA <--> SEC
    
    OTA --> NET
    NET -->|Firmware Download| MH
    
    PERSIST --> SD
    PERSIST --> NVM
    
    OTA --> DIAG
    OTA --> BOOT
    OTA --> HEALTH
    
    BOOT --> FLASH
    BOOT --> PART
    
    STM -.->|State Events| DIAG
    SEC -.->|Validation Events| DIAG

4.4 OTA Update Sequence

sequenceDiagram
    participant MH as Main Hub
    participant API as Main Hub APIs
    participant OTA as OTA Manager
    participant STM as State Manager
    participant PERSIST as Persistence
    participant SEC as Security Manager
    participant BOOT as Boot Manager
    
    Note over MH,BOOT: Complete OTA Update Flow
    
    MH->>API: OTA_AVAILABILITY_NOTIFICATION
    API->>OTA: otaAvailabilityReceived()
    OTA->>OTA: validateReadiness()
    OTA->>STM: requestStateTransition(OTA_PREP)
    OTA->>API: otaResponse(ACCEPT)
    
    loop Firmware Download
        MH->>API: firmwareChunk(data)
        API->>OTA: chunkReceived(data)
        OTA->>PERSIST: storeChunk(data)
    end
    
    OTA->>SEC: validateFirmware()
    SEC-->>OTA: validationResult(SUCCESS)
    
    OTA->>STM: requestStateTransition(TEARDOWN)
    STM->>PERSIST: flushCriticalData()
    PERSIST-->>STM: flushComplete()
    
    OTA->>BOOT: flashFirmwareToInactivePartition()
    OTA->>BOOT: updatePartitionTable()
    OTA->>STM: systemReboot()
    
    Note over MH,BOOT: System Reboots with New Firmware
    
    BOOT->>BOOT: bootFromNewPartition()
    BOOT->>OTA: firmwareActivated()
    OTA->>API: otaStatus(ACTIVATION_SUCCESS)
    API->>MH: OTA_STATUS_REPORT(SUCCESS)

5. Feature Behavior

5.1 Normal Operation Flow

OTA Availability Phase:
- Receive OTA availability notification from Main Hub
- Validate system readiness (state, power, storage, communication)
- Negotiate OTA acceptance or rejection with detailed reasons
- Transition to OTA_PREP state if accepted
Firmware Download Phase:
- Receive firmware in 4KB chunks over secure channel
- Validate each chunk with CRC32 verification
- Store chunks to SD card temporary location
- Track download progress and handle retries
- Enforce 10-minute download timeout
Validation Phase:
- Perform comprehensive firmware integrity validation
- Verify SHA-256 hash, digital signature, and compatibility
- Report validation results to Main Hub
- Proceed to activation only if all validations pass
Activation Phase:
- Coordinate system teardown with State Manager
- Flush all critical data to persistent storage
- Flash validated firmware to inactive partition
- Update partition table for next boot
- Perform controlled system reboot
Confirmation Phase:
- Boot with new firmware and start health monitoring
- Confirm firmware stability within 120-second window
- Mark firmware as valid or trigger automatic rollback
- Report final OTA status to Main Hub

5.2 Error Handling

Error Condition	Detection Method	Response Action
System Not Ready	Readiness validation failure	Reject OTA request, report specific reason
Download Timeout	10-minute timeout exceeded	Abort download, clean up temporary files
Chunk Corruption	CRC32 validation failure	Request chunk retransmission (up to 3 retries)
Validation Failure	Integrity check failure	Abort OTA, report validation error
Flash Failure	Firmware flashing error	Abort OTA, maintain current firmware
Boot Failure	New firmware boot failure	Automatic rollback to previous firmware
Health Check Failure	No health report within window	Automatic rollback to previous firmware

5.3 State-Dependent Behavior

System State	Feature Behavior
INIT	OTA Manager initialization, partition status check
RUNNING	Accept OTA requests, perform readiness validation
WARNING	Reject OTA requests (system not stable)
FAULT	Reject OTA requests (system in fault state)
OTA_PREP	Prepare for OTA, coordinate with other components
OTA_UPDATE	Execute OTA download, validation, and activation
TEARDOWN	Coordinate data flush before firmware activation
SERVICE	Reject OTA requests (maintenance mode)
SD_DEGRADED	Reject OTA requests (storage unavailable)

6. Feature Constraints

6.1 Timing Constraints

Negotiation Response: Maximum 5 seconds for readiness validation
Download Timeout: Maximum 10 minutes for complete firmware download
Validation Time: Maximum 2 minutes for integrity validation
Activation Time: Maximum 5 minutes for firmware activation
Confirmation Window: 120 seconds for firmware stability confirmation

6.2 Resource Constraints

Storage Requirements: Minimum 100MB free space on SD card
Memory Usage: Maximum 64KB for OTA buffers and state
Network Bandwidth: Optimized for 4KB chunk size
Flash Wear: Minimize flash write cycles during activation

6.3 Security Constraints

Encrypted Transport: All firmware data must be transmitted over TLS
Integrity Validation: SHA-256 verification mandatory
Anti-Rollback: Version progression enforcement via eFuse
Secure Storage: Temporary firmware files encrypted on SD card

7. Interface Specifications

7.1 OTA Manager Public API

// OTA lifecycle management
bool otaMgr_initialize(void);
bool otaMgr_isReady(void);
ota_status_t otaMgr_getStatus(void);

// OTA operations
bool otaMgr_handleAvailabilityNotification(const ota_metadata_t* metadata);
bool otaMgr_receiveFirmwareChunk(uint32_t chunk_id, const uint8_t* data, 
                                size_t size, uint32_t crc32);
bool otaMgr_validateFirmware(void);
bool otaMgr_activateFirmware(void);

// Rollback operations
bool otaMgr_triggerRollback(rollback_reason_t reason);
bool otaMgr_confirmFirmwareStability(void);
bool otaMgr_isRollbackPending(void);

// Status and diagnostics
bool otaMgr_getDownloadProgress(ota_download_progress_t* progress);
bool otaMgr_getValidationResult(ota_validation_result_t* result);
bool otaMgr_getPartitionStatus(ota_partition_status_t* status);

7.2 State Manager Integration

State Transitions:

RUNNING → OTA_PREP: OTA request accepted
OTA_PREP → TEARDOWN: Firmware validated, ready for activation
TEARDOWN → OTA_UPDATE: Data flushed, ready for flashing
OTA_UPDATE → REBOOT: Firmware activated, system restart

State Coordination:

// State transition requests
bool otaMgr_requestStateTransition(system_state_t target_state, 
                                  transition_reason_t reason);
bool otaMgr_onStateChanged(system_state_t new_state, system_state_t old_state);

// Teardown coordination
bool otaMgr_initiateTeardown(teardown_reason_t reason);
bool otaMgr_onTeardownComplete(void);

7.3 Security Manager Integration

Validation Interface:

// Firmware integrity validation
bool secMgr_calculateSHA256(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, uint8_t* hash);
bool secMgr_validateSignature(const uint8_t* firmware, size_t size, 
                             const uint8_t* signature);
bool secMgr_validateAntiRollback(const char* version);

// Secure storage
bool secMgr_encryptFirmwareChunk(const uint8_t* plaintext, size_t size, 
                                uint8_t* ciphertext);
bool secMgr_decryptFirmwareChunk(const uint8_t* ciphertext, size_t size, 
                                uint8_t* plaintext);

8. Testing and Validation

8.1 Unit Testing

Readiness Validation: All readiness criteria and rejection scenarios
Chunk Processing: Chunk reception, validation, and storage
Integrity Validation: SHA-256, signature, and compatibility checks
Rollback Logic: All rollback triggers and recovery procedures

8.2 Integration Testing

End-to-End OTA: Complete OTA flow from negotiation to confirmation
State Coordination: Integration with State Manager and other components
Security Integration: Cryptographic validation and secure storage
Network Integration: Firmware download over encrypted channels

8.3 System Testing

Fault Injection: Network failures, power loss, corruption scenarios
Performance Testing: Large firmware downloads and timing constraints
Security Testing: Malicious firmware rejection and rollback scenarios
Long-Duration Testing: Multiple OTA cycles and partition wear

8.4 Acceptance Criteria

OTA negotiation completes within timing constraints
Firmware download handles all error conditions gracefully
Integrity validation rejects all invalid firmware images
Activation preserves all critical data during transition
Rollback mechanism recovers from all failure scenarios
No security vulnerabilities in OTA process
Complete audit trail of all OTA activities

9. Dependencies

9.1 Internal Dependencies

State Manager: System state coordination and teardown management
Persistence: Data flush and firmware storage operations
Security Manager: Cryptographic validation and secure storage
Main Hub APIs: OTA communication protocol implementation
Diagnostics: OTA event logging and failure reporting

9.2 External Dependencies

ESP-IDF Framework: Partition management and flash operations
Secure Boot: Hardware-enforced firmware authentication
Network Stack: Secure communication transport (TLS/DTLS)
Hardware Components: SD card, NVS flash, network interface

10. Future Enhancements

10.1 Planned Improvements

Delta Updates: Incremental firmware updates to reduce download size
Compression: Firmware compression to optimize storage and bandwidth
Multi-Stage Rollback: Graduated rollback with multiple recovery points
Predictive Validation: Pre-validation of firmware compatibility

10.2 Scalability Considerations

Fleet Management: Coordinated OTA updates across multiple sensor hubs
Cloud Integration: Direct cloud-based firmware distribution
Advanced Analytics: OTA success rate monitoring and optimization
Automated Testing: Continuous integration with automated OTA testing

Document Status: Final for Implementation Phase
Component Dependencies: Verified against architecture
Requirements Traceability: Complete (SR-OTA, SWR-OTA)
Next Review: After component implementation

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